Resistencia antimicrobiana y producción porcina de cría intensiva / Antimicrobial resistance and intensive swine production: mini review

Introducción: el impacto de la resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM) generará un aumento de las muertes relacionadas de 10 millones anuales hacia 2050. El 70% de la dispensación de antimicrobianos (ATB) se utiliza en la agroveterinaria y no en salud humana. Es fundamental conocer la portación de RAM en trabajadores de cría de animales y en los animales, para acciones tempranas de salud pública. Métodos: bajo metodología PRISMA se realizó la búsqueda bibliográfica en distintas fuentes disponibles hasta octubre de 2020. Se priorizaron revisiones sistemáticas, metanálisis, ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales para determinar la RAM en trabajadores de cría de cerdos. De 990 artículos identificados se incluyeron 8 estudios. Resultados: la tasa de colonización por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SAMR) en trabajadores fue mayor que la de la población general. La prevalencia de SAMR fue significativamente mayor en trabajadores en contacto directo con animales y los de granjas de cría intensiva con respecto a los de extensiva. En cerdos, la prevalencia de RAM en cría intensiva fue significativamente mayor que la de los de cría extensiva. También fue significativa la asociación entre el suministro de antibióticos en la cría intensiva y la presencia de RAM. Las granjas de más de 1250 cerdos presentaron mayor prevalencia de RAM (p < 0,001). El fenotipo de SAMR en cerdos, trabajadores y el ambiente fue el mismo. Conclusiones: existe evidencia de asociación entre la producción agrícola de cría intensiva y la RAM en cerdos y trabajadores. No se encontraron estudios de vigilancia epidemiológica en la Argentina en trabajadores de cría de animales. (AU)

Introduction: it is estimated that the impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will generate an increase of 10 million deaths by 2050, being reflected to a greater extent in low-income countries. 70% of the annual use of antimicrobials is concentrated in agroveterinary but not in human health. Considering the presence of AMR in ranchers and agricultural workers is essential for early public health actions. Methods: using the PRISMA methodology, bibliography was searched in different sources until October 2020. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials and observational studies were prioritized to determine AMR in pig workers. Eight studies of the 990 found have been included. Results: the rate of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in farming workers was higher than the general population. MRSA prevalence was significantly higher in workers who reported direct contact with animals. And also in those workers of intensive farms compared to those of extensive farms. The same situation is observed in swines, in which the prevalence of AMR in intensive farming was significantly higher than in extensive farming. The association between the supply of antibiotics in intensive farming workers and the presence of AMR was also significant. Farms with more than 1,250 swines had a higher prevalence of AMR (p<0.001). The MRSA phenotype found in swine, agricultural workers, and the environment was the same. Conclusions: there is scientific evidence of an association between agricultural production in intensive livestock farming and AMR in swine and farming workers. There aren't Argentine studies of epidemiological surveillance in farming workers. (AU)

A comparison of perioperative outcomes between extraperitoneal robotic single-port and multiport radical prostatectomy with the da Vinci Si Surgical System / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

To evaluate outcomes between extraperitoneal robotic single-port radical prostatectomy (epR-spRP) and extraperitoneal robotic multiport radical prostatectomy (epR-mpRP) performed with the da Vinci Si Surgical System, comparison was performed between 30 single-port (SP group) and 26 multiport (MP group) cases. Comparisons included operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), hospital stay, peritoneal violation, pain scores, scar satisfaction, continence, and erectile function. The median operation time and EBL were not different between the two groups. In the SP group, the median operation time of the first 10 patients was obviously longer than that of the latter 20 patients (P < 0.001). The median postoperative hospital stay in the SP group was shorter than that in the MP group (P < 0.001). The rate of peritoneal damage in the SP group was less than that in the MP group (P = 0.017). The pain score and overall need for pain medications in the SP group were lower than those in the MP group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively). Patients in the SP group were more satisfied with their scars than those in the MP group 3 months postoperatively (P = 0.007). At 3 months, the cancer control, recovery of erectile function, and urinary continence rates were similar between the two groups. It is safe and feasible to perform epR-spRP using the da Vinci Si surgical system. Therefore, epR-spRP can be a treatment option for localized prostate cancer. Although epR-spRP still has a learning curve, it has advantages for postoperative pain and self-assessed cosmesis. In the absence of the single-port robotic surgery platform, we can still provide minimally invasive surgery for patients.

PGT or ICSI? The impression of NGS-based PGT outcomes in nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This retrospective study demonstrates the clinical outcomes of patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) who underwent preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) with frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) was performed for sperm retrieval. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted for embryo analysis. A total of 18 couples aged ≤35 years were included, and 22 oocyte retrieval cycles were completed. Euploidy was detected in 29 of 45 (64.4%) embryos. Additionally, the numbers of aneuploid and mosaic embryos detected were 8 (17.8%) and 8 (17.8%), respectively, regardless of a lack of sex chromosome abnormalities. Finally, 13 couples with euploid embryos completed 14 frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Ten couples had clinical pregnancies, and 6 of them had already delivered 5 healthy babies and 1 monozygotic twin. There were also 4 ongoing pregnancies and 2 biochemical pregnancies, but no early pregnancy loss was reported. Based on our results, we speculate that for KS patients, when sperm can be obtained by micro-TESE, the cryopreservation strategy makes the ovarian stimulation procedure more favorable for female partners. The paternal genetic risk of sex chromosome abnormalities in their offspring is extremely low in men with KS. In addition to PGT, the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure is comparably effective but more economical for young nonmosaic KS couples. ICSI should be offered as an option for such couples, but monitoring by prenatal genetic diagnosis is recommended.

Avaliação dos desfechos obstétricos entre grávidas adolescentes e adultas: um estudo transversal em um município da Amazônia brasileira / Evaluation of obstetric outcomes among pregnant adolescents and adults: a cross-sectional study in a municipality in the Brazilian Amazon

Objetivo: Avaliar os desfechos obstétricos entre grávidas adolescentes e adultas. Métodos: Estudo do tipo transversal não randomizado entre gestantes adolescentes e grávidas adultas em uma maternidade pública de Marabá-Pará. Foram associados desfechos obstétricos entre os dois grupos estudados. Para a análise univariada, foi utilizada a distribuição de frequências relativa e absoluta, e para a análise bivariada, foi utilizado cálculo do risco relativo com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Na comparação das variáveis numéricas, foi o utilizado o teste de ANOVA 1. Resultados: Identificou-se uma relação estatisticamente relevante entre a gravidez na adolescência e o estado civil solteiro, menor escolaridade, realização de menos de seis consultas de pré-natal, parto vaginal, episiotomia, baixo peso do recém-nascido ao nascer e menor perímetro cefálico, quando comparadas com as adultas. Conclusão: A gravidez na adolescência se associa com piores desfechos obstétricos relacionados ao peso ao nascer, perímetro cefálico e realização de episiotomias, o que se associa a fatores como a condição emocional e financeira da mãe e com a baixa cobertura da saúde pública na região amazônica.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate obstetric outcomes among pregnant adolescents and adults. Methods: Non-randomized cross-sectional study among pregnant adolescent and adult pregnant women in a public maternity hospital in Marabá-Pará. Obstetric outcomes were associated between the two groups studied. For a univariate analysis a distribution of relative and absolute frequencies was used and for a bivariate analysis a calculation of relative risk with confidence interval of 95% was used. The ANOVA 1 test was used to compare numerical variables. Results: A statistically relevant association was identified between teenage pregnancy and single marital status, less education, less than six prenatal consultations, vaginal delivery, episiotomy, low birth weight at birth and smaller head circumference when compared to adults. Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy is associated with worse obstetric outcomes related to birth weight, head circumference and episiotomies, which is associated with factors, such as the mother's emotional and financial condition, and the low public health coverage in the Amazon region.(AU)

Efficacy, patient-doctor relationship, costs and benefits of utilizing telepsychiatry for the management of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a systematic review

Abstract Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders found among victims of disaster, kidnapping, accidents, sexual assaults and war in Indonesia. However, lacking and unequal distribution of psychiatric medical personnel remains a barrier to its management. This review aims to introduce and evaluate the potential contribution of telepsychiatry to the management of PTSD based on published literature. Methods Original studies were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, High Wire, and Elsevier Clinical Key databases. Results A total of 125 articles were found, of which 15 articles (12 randomized controlled trials, 2 open trials and 1 pilot study) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 991 subjects were found with a follow-up period ranging between 5 weeks and 18 months. Telepsychiatry is an innovative use of technology to aid the delivery of PTSD treatments in areas difficult to reach. The quality of care given by telepsychiatry both through video conferencing as well as web- and application-based is comparable to that of face-to-face therapy. Patient satisfaction, quality of doctor-patient relationship also remains high, with lower costs and shorter therapeutic time when compared to face-to-face therapy. Conclusion Various studies have shown that telepsychiatry is an effective solution for the management of PTSD. Studies have also reported that the quality of treatment through telepsychiatry is as effective as face-to-face therapy, with greater efficiency. Countries, especially those with a low patient-to-mental health professional ratio, should be encouraged to develop telepsychiatry systems to manage PTSD.

Nursing outcome "airway permeability" in postoperative patients / Resultado de enfermería "permeabilidad de las vías aéreas" en pacientes en el posoperatorio / Resultado de enfermagem "permeabilidade das vias aéreas" em pacientes no pós-operatório

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the evolution of clinical indicators that characterize airway permeability in patients in the postoperative period of thoracoabdominal surgeries and to analyze their relationship with the occurrence of the diagnosis "ineffective airway clearance". Methods: descriptive, quantitative, longitudinal research with 60 patients who were followed for five consecutive days. Eleven indicators of the nursing outcome "respiratory status: airway permeability" were used. Results: on the first day of evaluation, the most compromised indicators were: respiratory rate, cough, depth of breath and use of accessory muscles. During follow-up, most of the indicators presented a slight deviation from normal variation and, in the last evaluation, there was a predominance of indicators with some degree of impairment. Conclusions: with the aid of the Nursing Outcomes Classification, it was observed that patients submitted to thoracoabdominal surgeries may present compromised airway permeability even days after surgery.

RESUMEN Objetivos: valorar la evolución de los indicadores clínicos que caracterizan la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas en pacientes en el posoperatorio de cirugías toracoabdominales y evaluar su relación con la ocurrencia del diagnóstico "desobstrucción ineficaz de las vías aéreas". Métodos: investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa, longitudinal en la cual participaron 60 pacientes que recibieron seguimiento por cinco días. Se utilizaron 11 indicadores del resultado de enfermería "estado respiratorio: permeabilidad de las vías aéreas". Resultados: en el primer día de evaluación, los indicadores más comprometidos fueron: frecuencia respiratoria, tos, profundidad de la respiración y utilización de músculos accesorios. Durante el seguimiento, se verificó que la mayor parte de los indicadores presentó una leve desviación de la variación normal y, en la última evaluación, hubo un predominio de indicadores con algún grado de comprometimiento. Conclusiones: con la ayuda de la Clasificación de los resultados de enfermería, se observó que los pacientes sometidos a cirugías toracoabdominales pueden presentar comprometimiento de la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas incluso después de algunos días de realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a evolução dos indicadores clínicos que caracterizam a permeabilidade das vias aéreas em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgias toracoabdominais e analisar sua relação com a ocorrência do diagnóstico "desobstrução ineficaz das vias aéreas". Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, longitudinal realizada com 60 pacientes que foram acompanhados por cinco dias consecutivos. Foram utilizados 11 indicadores do resultado de enfermagem "estado respiratório: permeabilidade das vias aéreas". Resultados: no primeiro dia de avaliação os indicadores mais comprometidos foram: frequência respiratória, tosse, profundidade da respiração e uso de músculos acessórios. Durante o acompanhamento, verificou-se que a maior parte dos indicadores apresentou desvio leve da variação normal e, na última avaliação, houve predomínio de indicadores com algum grau de comprometimento. Conclusões: com auxílio da Classificação dos resultados de enfermagem, observou-se que pacientes submetidos a cirurgias toracoabdominais podem apresentar comprometimento da permeabilidade das vias aéreas mesmo após dias da realização do procedimento cirúrgico.

Peripheral venous access using devices over needles with and without extension: costs and outcomes / Acceso venoso periférico utilizando dispositivos de aguja con y sin extensión: costos y resultados / Acesso venoso periférico utilizando dispositivos sobre agulha com e sem extensão: custos e desfechos

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the mean direct cost and peripheral venous access length outcomes using devices over needle with and without extension. Methods: quantitative, exploratory-descriptive research. Venous punctures and length of the devices were followed. The mean direct cost was calculated by multiplying the time (timed) spent by nursing professionals by the unit cost of labor, adding to the cost of materials. Results: the total mean direct cost of using devices "with extension" (US$ 9.37) was 2.9 times the cost of using devices "without extension" (US$ 4.50), US$ 7.71 and US$ 2.66, respectively. Totaling 96 hours of stay, the "device over needle with extension" showed a lower occurrence of accidental loss. Conclusions: the use of the "device over needle with extension", despite its higher mean direct cost, was more effective in favoring adequate length of peripheral venous access.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el costo directo promedio y los resultados de permanencia del acceso venoso periférico, utilizando dispositivos de aguja con y sin extensión. Métodos: investigación cuantitativa, exploratoria descriptiva. Se siguieron los pinchazos venosos y el tiempo de permanencia de los dispositivos. El costo directo promedio se calculó multiplicando el tiempo (cronometrado) dedicado por los profesionales de enfermería por el costo unitario de la mano de obra, lo que se suma al costo de los materiales. Resultados: el costo directo promedio total de usar dispositivos "extendidos" (US$ 9,37) fue 2,9 veces el costo de usar dispositivos "no extendidos" (US$ 4,50) de materiales, US$ 7.71 y US$ 2.66, respectivamente. Con un total de 96 horas de estadía, el "dispositivo de aguja extendida" mostró una menor ocurrencia de pérdida accidental. Conclusiones: a pesar del costo directo promedio más alto, el uso de un "dispositivo de aguja extendida" fue más efectivo para favorecer un tiempo de acceso venoso periférico adecuado.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o custo direto médio e os desfechos de permanência de acesso venoso periférico, utilizando dispositivos sobre agulha com e sem extensão. Métodos: pesquisa quantitativa, exploratório-descritiva. Acompanharam-se as punções venosas e o tempo de permanência dos dispositivos. Calculou-se o custo direto médio multiplicando-se o tempo (cronometrado) despendido por profissionais de enfermagem pelo custo unitário da mão de obra, somando-se ao custo dos materiais. Resultados: o custo direto médio total do uso de dispositivo "com extensão" (US$ 9,37) foi 2,9 vezes do que o custo do uso de dispositivo "sem extensão" (US$ 4,50), destacando-se os custos dos materiais, US$ 7,71 e US$ 2,66, respectivamente. Totalizando 96 horas de permanência, o "dispositivo sobre agulha com extensão" apresentou menor ocorrência de perda acidental. Conclusões: o uso do "dispositivo sobre agulha com extensão", apesar do maior custo direto médio, foi mais eficaz para favorecer o adequado tempo de permanência do acesso venoso periférico.

Revisión de los criterios para validez convergente estimada a través de la Varianza Media Extraída / Review of the criteria for convergent validity estimated through the Extracted Average Variance

Resumen En el contexto del modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales se manejan los conceptos de validez convergente y confiabilidad compuesta aplicados a los modelos de medida con ítems congenéricos. Este estudio metodológico tiene como objetivo revisar los puntos de corte estipulados para la Varianza Media Extraída (VME) cuando se usa para establecer la validez convergente de un modelo de medida. Por una parte, se consideró la gran semejanza entre los conceptos de validez convergente y confiabilidad por consistencia interna, al usarse los pesos de medida estandarizados para su estimación. Por otra parte, se analizó la relación entre el número de ítems del factor, la VME y los coeficientes omega y H. A efectos de simplificación, se manejó un peso de medida homogéneo en las demostraciones. Se observó un efecto muy grande del número de ítems, provocando un deterioro en la VME, aun manteniendo constante el mismo nivel de confiabilidad (coeficientes omega y H), y más acusado a mayor nivel de confiabilidad. Se concluye que valores de VME < .50 pueden reflejar niveles aceptables de validez convergente, dependiendo del número de ítems, si incluyen como criterios complementarios: pesos de medida estandarizados ≥ .50 y coeficientes omega y H ≥ .70.

Abstract In the context of the structural equation modeling, the concepts of convergent validity and composite reliability applied to the measurement models with congeneric items are used. This methodological study aims to review the stipulated cut-off points for the Extracted Average Variance (AVE) when it is used to establish the convergent validity of a measurement model. On the one hand, the great similarity between the concepts of convergent validity and internal consistency reliability, when standardized measurement weights are used for their estimation, was considered. On the other hand, the relationships among the number of factor items, the AVE and the omega and H coefficients were analyzed. For simplification purposes, a homogeneous measurement weight was used in the demonstrations. A very large effect of the number of items was observed, causing a deterioration in the AVE, while still maintaining the same level of reliability (omega and H coefficients), and more pronounced at a higher level of reliability. It is concluded that AVE values < .50 may reflect acceptable levels of convergent validity depending on the number of items, if the following criteria are included as complementary criteria: standardized measurement weights ≥ .50, and coefficients omega and H ≥ .70.

Nursing outcomes for pain assessment of patients undergoing palliative care / Resultados de enfermería para evaluación del dolor de pacientes en cuidado paliativo / Resultados de enfermagem para avaliação da dor de pacientes em cuidado paliativo

ABSTRACT Objective: To select outcomes and indicators of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), in order to assess patients with cancer under palliative care with Acute and Chronic Pain Nursing Diagnoses; and to construct the conceptual and operational definitions of the indicators. Method: Expert opinion study and literature review. The sample consisted of 13 experts. The data collection was in own tool applied in face-to-face meeting and by e-mail. In the analysis of the data, it was considered between 75% and 100% of agreement. Results: Eight outcomes and 19 indicators were selected. The results with higher scores were Pain Level, Pain Control and Client Satisfaction: Pain Management. For all indicators selected, conceptual and operational definitions were constructed. Conclusion: The selection of results and priority indicators for the assessment of pain in palliative care, as well as the construction of its definitions, will support clinical practice.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Selección de resultados e indicadores de la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) para evaluar pacientes oncológicos en cuidados paliativos con los diagnósticos de enfermería de Dolor Agudo y Crónico; construir las definiciones conceptuales y operativas de los indicadores. Método: Estudio de opinión de expertos y de revisión de literatura. La muestra fue compuesta por 13 especialistas. La recolección de datos fue en instrumento propio aplicado en encuentro presencial y por e-mail. En el análisis de los datos, se consideró entre el 75% y el 100% de concordancia. Resultados: Se seleccionaron ocho resultados y 19 indicadores. Los resultados con mayores puntuaciones fueron Nivel del Dolor, Control del Dolor y Satisfacción del Cliente: Control del Dolor. Para todos los indicadores seleccionados, se construyeron definiciones conceptuales y operativas. Conclusión: La selección de los resultados e indicadores prioritarios a la evaluación del dolor en cuidado paliativo, así como la construcción de sus definiciones, subsidiarán la práctica clínica.

RESUMO Objetivo: Selecionar resultados e indicadores da Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) para avaliar pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos com os diagnósticos de enfermagem de Dor Aguda e Crônica; construir as definições conceituais e operacionais dos indicadores. Método: Estudo de opinião de especialistas e de revisão de literatura. A amostra foi composta por 13 especialistas. A coleta de dados foi em instrumento próprio aplicado em encontro presencial e por e-mail. Na análise dos dados, considerou-se entre 75% e 100% de concordância. Resultados: Selecionaram-se oito resultados e 19 indicadores. Os resultados com maiores escores foram Nível da Dor, Controle da Dor e Satisfação do Cliente: Controle da Dor. Para todos os indicadores selecionados, foram construídas definições conceituais e operacionais. Conclusão: A seleção dos resultados e indicadores prioritários à avaliação da dor em cuidado paliativo, bem como a construção de suas definições, subsidiarão a prática clínica.

La respuesta del Sistema Médico de Emergencias y su relación con distintos resultados en salud en personas lesionadas por el tránsito de dos ciudades mexicanas / The Emergency Medical System's response and its association with different outcomes in traffic accident victims in Mexican cities / A resposta do Sistema Médico de Emergências e sua relação com distintos resultados na saúde em pessoas lesionadas pelo trânsito de duas cidades mexicanas

Resumen: El objetivo fue analizar la oportunidad de la atención médica de emergencias (tiempo transcurrido desde que ocurrió la lesión hasta el primer contacto con el Sistema Médico de Emergencias -SME) y su relación con distintas consecuencias negativas en salud, en pacientes con lesiones causadas por el tránsito, atendidos en dos hospitales de México, uno en Guadalajara, Jalisco y otro en León, Guanajuato. Se utilizó información del Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de las Lesiones Causadas por el Tránsito, establecido como parte del Programa Global de Seguridad Vial de la Filantropía de Bloomberg. Se recabó información de todos los pacientes atendidos por lesiones causadas por el tránsito en dos hospitales de referencia, de mayo 2012 a noviembre 2014. Se realizó una regresión logística multinomial para modelar los resultados en salud, categorizados en estancia corta, hospitalización prolongada, discapacidad y defunción, con la oportunidad de la atención, ajustando por distintas variables de interés. 2.575 lesionados fueron analizados. La oportunidad de la atención fue 103,74min (± 231,36) en León y 75,37min (± 156,87) en Guadalajara, siendo 38,02 y 36,23min en quienes recibieron atención médica prehospitalaria, respectivamente. La oportunidad de la atención se asoció con una menor estancia hospitalaria prolongada, pero no con una menor incidencia de discapacidad o muerte. Recibir atención médica prehospitalaria estuvo asociado con consecuencias negativas en salud. Una atención oportuna está asociada a una menor posibilidad de tener hospitalizaciones prolongadas. Es necesario impulsar estrategias para evaluar, y eventualmente mejorar la calidad técnica de la atención médica prehospitalaria, incluyendo la oportunidad de la atención y la adecuada regulación.

Abstract: The aim of this article was to analyze the timeliness of emergency medical care (time transpired between the injury and the first contact with the Emergency Medical System) and its assocation with different negative health outcome in traffic accident victims treated at two Mexican hospitals, one in Guadalajara, Jalisco, and the other in León, Guanajuato, based on data from the Motor Vehicle Accident Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Bloomberg Philanthropies' Global Road Safety Program. Information was obtained on all patients treated for motor vehicle injuries in referral hospitals from May 2012 to November 2014. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the health outcomes, categorized as short stay, prolonged hospitalization, disability, and death, compared to timeliness of care, adjusted by different target variables. A total of 2,575 patients were analyzed. Time from injury to care was 103.74 minutes (± 231.36) in León and 75.37 minutes (± 156.87) in Guadalajara; it was 38.02 and 36.23 minutes, respectively, in patients that received prehospital medical care. Timely care was associated with less prolonged hospital stay, but not with lower incidence of disability or death. Receiving prehospital medical care was associated statistically with negative health consequences. Timely care was associated with lower probability of prolonged hospitalization. Strategies are needed to evaluate and in turn improve the technical quality of prehospital medical care, including timeliness of care and adequate regulation.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a oportunidade da atenção médica de emergências (tempo transcorrido desde que ocorreu a lesão até o primeiro contato com o Sistema Médico de Emergências) e sua relação com distintas consequências negativas para a saúde, em pacientes com lesões causadas pelo trânsito, atendidos em dois hospitais do México, um em Guadalajara, Jalisco e outro em León, Guanajuato. Foi utilizada informação do Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica das Lesões Causadas pelo Trânsito, estabelecido como parte do Programa Global de Segurança Rodoviária da Filantropia de Bloomberg. Foram recolhidas informações de todos os pacientes atendidos por lesões causadas pelo trânsito nos hospitais de referência, de maio 2012 a novembro 2014. Foi realizada uma regressão logística multinomial para modelar os resultados na saúde, categorizados como: permanência curta hospitalar, hospitalização prolongada, portadores de deficiência e óbito com oportunidade de atenção, sendo ajustada por diferentes variáveis de interesse. Foram analisados 2.575 lesionados. A chance da atenção foi 103,74min (± 231,36) em León e 75,37min (± 156,87) em Guadalajara, sendo 38.02 e 36.23 min naqueles que receberam atenção médica pré-hospitalar, respectivamente. A chance da atenção foi associada com uma menor permanência hospitalar prolongada, mas não com uma menor incidência de deficiência ou morte. Receber atenção médica pré-hospitalar foi associado com consequências negativas na saúde. Uma atenção oportuna está associada à uma menor possibilidade de sofrer hospitalizações prolongadas. É necessário estimular estratégias para avaliar, e eventualmente melhorar a qualidade técnica da atenção médica pré-hospitalar, incluindo a chance da atenção e uma adequada regulação.

Clinical outcomes and survival in AA amyloidosis patients / Desfechos clínicos e sobrevida em pacientes com amiloidose AA

Abstract Aim Amyloid A amyloidosis is a rare complication of chronic inflammatory conditions. Most patients with amyloid A amyloidosis present with nephropathy and it leads to renal failure and death. We studied clinical characteristics and survival in patients with amyloid A amyloidosis. Methods: A total of 81 patients (51 males, 30 females) with renal biopsy proven amyloid A amyloidosis were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into good and poor outcomes groups according to survival results. Results: Most of the patients (55.6%) had nephrotic range proteinuria at diagnosis. Most frequent underlying disorders were familial Mediterranean fever (21.2%) and rheumatoid arthritis (10.6%) in the good outcome group and malignancy (20%) in the poor outcome group. Only diastolic blood pressure in the good outcome group and phosphorus level in the poor outcome group was higher. Serum creatinine levels increased after treatment in both groups, while proteinuria in the good outcome group decreased. Increase in serum creatinine and decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate of the poor outcome group were more significant in the good outcome group. At the time of diagnosis 18.5% and 27.2% of all patients had advanced chronic kidney disease (stage 4 and 5, respectively). Median duration of renal survival was 65 ± 3.54 months. Among all patients, 27.1% were started dialysis treatment during the follow-up period and 7.4% of all patients underwent kidney transplantation. Higher levels of systolic blood pressure [hazard ratios 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 1-1.06, p = 0.036], serum creatinine (hazard ratios 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.46, p = 0.006) and urinary protein excretion (hazard ratios 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.16, p = 0.027) were predictors of end-stage renal disease. Median survival of patients with organ involvement was 50.3 ± 16 months. Conclusion Our study indicated that familial Mediterranean fever constituted a large proportion of cases and increased number of patients with idiopathic amyloid A amyloidosis. Additionally, it was observed that patient survival was not affected by different etiological causes in amyloid A amyloidosis.

Resumo Objetivo: A amiloidose AA é uma complicação rara de condições inflamatórias crônicas. A maior parte dos pacientes com amiloidose AA apresenta nefropatia, que leva à insuficiência renal e à morte. Estudaram-se as características clínicas e a sobrevida em pacientes com amiloidose AA. Métodos: Analisaram-se retrospectivamente 81 pacientes (51 homens, 30 mulheres) com amiloidose AA comprovada por biópsia renal. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupos de desfecho bom e ruim de acordo com os resultados de sobrevida. Resultados: A maior parte dos pacientes (55,6%) tinha proteinúria na faixa nefrótica no momento do diagnóstico. Os distúrbios subjacentes mais frequentes foram a febre familiar do Mediterrâneo (FFM, 21,2%) e a artrite reumatoide (10,6%) no grupo de desfecho bom e a malignidade (20%) no grupo de desfecho ruim. Somente a pressão arterial diastólica no grupo de desfecho bom e o nível de fósforo no grupo de desfecho ruim foram mais elevados. Os níveis séricos de creatinina aumentaram após o tratamento em ambos os grupos, enquanto a proteinúria diminuiu no grupo de desfecho bom. O aumento na creatinina sérica e a diminuição na TFGe do grupo de desfecho ruim foram mais significativos no grupo de desfecho bom. No momento do diagnóstico, 18,5% e 27,2% de todos os pacientes tinham doença renal crônica avançada (estágios 4 e 5, respectivamente). A duração média da sobrevida renal foi de 65 ± 3,54 meses. Entre todos os pacientes, 27,1% iniciaram tratamento de diálise durante o período de seguimento e 7,4% de todos os pacientes foram submetidos a transplante renal. Níveis elevados de pressão arterial sistólica [taxas de risco (HR) 1,03, intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%: 1 a 1,06, p = 0,036], creatinina sérica (HR 1,25, IC 95%: 1,07 a 1,46, p = 0,006) e excreção urinária de proteínas (HR 1,08, IC 95%: 1,01 a 1,16, p = 0,027) foram preditores de doença renal terminal. A mediana da sobrevida de pacientes com comprometimento de órgãos foi de 50,3 ± 16 meses. Conclusão: O presente estudo indicou que a FFM constituiu uma grande proporção de casos e crescente quantidade de pacientes com amiloidose AA idiopática. Adicionalmente, observou-se que a sobrevida do paciente não foi afetada pelas diferentes causas etiológicas na amiloidose AA.

Cuestionario de efectividad de la psicoterapia outcome questionnaire. validación en muestra clínica colombiana / Questions effectiveness of psychotherapy outcome questionnaire. validation in colombian clinical sample

Resumen Establecer las propiedades estructurales y psicométricas del OQ-45.2 e identificar la sensibilidad al cambio y diferencias según género. Método: se realizó en población clínica, participaron 214 consultantes (111 hombres y 103 mujeres), Instrumento: Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2). Resultados: El AFC mostró índices de bondad de ajuste bajos y valor de RMSEA de 0.071. Se recomendó realizar el AFE, y esta estructura incluyó 20 ítems y explicó el 58,8% de la varianza total: preocupación, problemas del desempeño del rol social, insatisfacción global, alcohol/drogas, dificultades en las relaciones e insatisfacción en las relaciones afectivas. Para la escala original, los coeficientes se encontraron entre 0.52 y 0.92; no se presentaron diferencias según género en ninguno de los factores pero sí sensibilidad al cambio en la terapia en todas las dimensiones. Para la estructura encontrada a través del AFE con 20 ítems, los coeficientes se encontraron entre 0.47 y 0.75. Los índices de ajustes para esta nueva estructura fueron muy favorables (CFI = 0,920, TLI = 0,902 y NFI = 0,790) y valor de RMSEA de 0.046. Se reportaron diferencias con relación al género en las dimensiones Insatisfacción global (más elevadas en mujeres) y Alcohol/droga (puntuaciones más elevadas en hombre). La prueba reportó sensibilidad al cambio en la escala original en Estrés, Desempeño y Relaciones interpersonales negativas, y en la escala abreviada en Preocupación, Problemas del rol social e Insatisfacción en las relaciones afectivas. Conclusiones: el OQ 45.2 no presentó una estructura adecuada a través del AFC. El AFE reportó 6 factores y 20 ítems, adecuados índices de ajustes, pero no todos los factores con buen nivel de confiabilidad.

Abstract To establish the structural and psychometric properties of the OQ-45.2 and identify sensitivity to change and differences by gender. Method: It was done in clinical population included 214 consultants (111 men and 103 women) Instrument: Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2). Results: The AFC showed low rates of kindness adjustment and RMSEA value of 0.071. It was recommended that the AFE, and this structure included 20 items, explaining 58.8% of the total variance: worry, problems performing the social role, overall dissatisfaction, alcohol / drugs, relationship difficulties and dissatisfaction with relationships. For the original scale, the coefficients were found between 0.52 and 0.92; no gender difference appeared in any of the factors but sensitivity to change in therapy in all dimensions. For the structure found throughout the AFE with 20 items, the coefficients were between 0.47 and 0.75. The rates for this new structure adjustments were very suitable (CFI = 0.920, TLI = 0.902 and NFI = 0.790) and RMSEA value of 0.046. Gender-related differences in size (higher in women) overall dissatisfaction and Alcohol / drug (higher scores in man) were reported. The test reported sensitivity to change in the original scale Stress, Performance and negative interpersonal relations, and the abbreviated scale Worry, Problems of the social role and Dissatisfaction in relationships. Conclusions: 45.2 OQ did not provide a suitable structure through the AFC. The AFE reported six factors and 20 items, appropriate indexes setup, but not all factors with a high level of reliability.

Fatores associados à percepção de melhora por usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do Sul do Brasil / Factors associated with perception of improvement by users of Centers for Psychosocial Care in the South of Brazil / Factores asociados a la percepción de mejora por parte de usuarios de Centros de Atención Psicosocial del sur de Brasil

Este estudo objetivou investigar os fatores associados à melhora percebida pelos usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Estudo transversal, realizado com 1.493 usuários de CAPS do Sul do Brasil. A melhora percebida pelos participantes foi avaliada pela Escala de Mudança Percebida - Pacientes (EMP-Pacientes). Para investigação dos fatores associados, muniu-se de uma regressão logística guiada por um modelo hierárquico que considerou como associação um valor de p < 0,05. Os fatores associados ao desfecho foram: estado de alocação do CAPS, possuir trabalho remunerado, diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, menor idade quando diagnosticado, maior tempo de frequência no serviço, facilidade de acesso e envolvimento na avaliação. Entre os fatores que efetivamente tencionam melhora nos usuários, destacam-se aqueles referentes às características da doença e os aspectos relativos aos serviços quanto à execução das políticas de saúde mental e quanto à organização deles.

This study aimed to investigate factors associated with perceived improvement among users of Centers for Psychosocial Care. This was a cross-sectional study of 1,493 users of Centers for Psychosocial Care in the South of Brazil. Users' perceived improvement was assessed by Perceived Change Scale - Patients (PCS-Patients). Associated factors were investigated using logistic regression guided by a hierarchical model, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Factors associated with the outcome were: state where the Center for Psychosocial Care was located, paid work, diagnosis of schizophrenia, age at diagnosis < 18 years, longer time attending the center, ease of access, and involvement in the evaluation. The factors that actually involve improvement in users include those pertaining to characteristics of the illness and aspects related to services in the implementation of mental health policies and their organization.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los factores asociados a la mejora percibida por los usuarios de Centros de Atención Psicosocial. Estudio transversal, realizado con 1.493 usuarios de Centros de Atención Psicosocial del sur de Brasil. La mejora percibida por los participantes se evaluó mediante la Escala de Cambios Percibidos - Pacientes (EMP-Pacientes, por sus siglas en portugués). Para la investigación de los factores asociados, se hizo uso de una regresión logística guiada por un modelo jerárquico que consideró como asociación un valor de p < 0,05. Los factores asociados al desenlace fueron: estado de asignación del Centro de Atención Psicosocial, tener trabajo remunerado, diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, menor de edad cuando se es diagnosticado, mayor tiempo de frecuencia en el servicio, facilidad de acceso y participación en la evaluación. Entre los factores que efectivamente prevén mejora en los usuarios, se destacan aquellos referentes a las características de la enfermedad y los aspectos relativos a los servicios, en cuanto a la ejecución de las políticas de salud mental y respecto a la organización de los mismos.

Avaliação dos 12 anos da campanha de acesso público a desfibrilação / Evaluation of ten years of the Campaign for public access defibrillation

JUSTIFICATIVA: Campanhas públicas e leis que visam desenvolver métodos de esclarecimento e incentivo na busca de informações sobre o tratamento da parada cardiorrespiratória devem ser objetivo de todos e implicam em excelentes resultados em todas as esferas de leigos, gestores e profissionais de saúde. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto de uma Campanha de Acesso Público a Desfibrilação na população leiga, profissionais de saúde e gestores. MÉTODO: A pesquisa quantitativa foi desenvolvida após a avaliação de 12 anos das atividades efetuadas por uma Comissão de Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar sobre a Campanha de Acesso Público a Desfibrilação voltada para as manobras de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. RESULTADOS: Como principais resultados diretos e indiretos nos 12 anos de análise, promoveu-se a realização de cursos de suporte básico de vida para profissionais de saúde e leigos, cursos de suporte avançado de vida em cardiologia para profissionais de saúde, treinamento em massa para a população geral, implantação da temática no currículo da Faculdade de Medicina e a primeira lei de Acesso Público a Desfibrilação da América Latina, assim como o modelo para a lei federal que se encontra em tramitação. CONCLUSÕES: É evidente que mesmo com os resultados positivos ainda há necessidade real de maior número de profissionais e leigos treinados, assim como o amplo estabelecimento dos cinco elos atuais da corrente de sobrevivência em nosso território nacional, podendo outras campanhas, espelhadas nesta, serem implantadas.

BACKGROUND: Public campaigns and laws developing methods of enlightenment and encouragement in finding information on the treatment of cardiac arrest should be the objective of all and imply excellent results in all spheres of lay people, government managers and health professionals. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a Public Access Defibrillation Campaign implementation in the lay population, health professionals and government managers. METHODS: The quantitative study was conducted after the 12 year review of the activities undertaken by a Hospital Committee of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and a Campaign for Public Access Defibrillation geared toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation. RESULTS: The main direct and indirect results in the 12 years of analysis promoted courses in basic life support for health professionals and lay public, courses of advanced cardiac life support for health professionals, mass training for general population, implementation of the thematic curriculum in the School of Medicine and the first law of Public Access Defibrillation in Latin America as well as the model for the federal law that steel in progress. CONCLUSIONS: It is clear that with the direct and indirect experiences of these 12 years of Public Access Defibrillation Campaign we shown positive results. There is real need for more professionals and trained lay people as well as the extensive establishment of five current links in the chain of survival in our Nationwide.

Outcomes of inpatients with severe mental illness: a naturalistic descriptive study

Objective: To describe and evaluate the response and predictors of remission during inpatient treatment in a psychiatric unit in a general hospital based on symptomatology, functionality, and quality of life (QoL). Methods: Patients were admitted to a psychiatric unit in a tertiary general hospital in Brazil from June 2011 to December 2013 and included in the study if they met two of the severe mental illness (SMI) criteria: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) ≤ 50 and duration of service contact ≥ 2 years. Patients were assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity Scale , GAF, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument – Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-Bref), and specific diagnostic scales. Results: A total of 239 patients were included. BPRS mean scores were 25.54±11.37 at admission and 10.96±8.11 at discharge (p < 0.001). Patients with manic episodes (odds ratio: 4.03; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-14.30; p = 0.03) were more likely to achieve remission (CGI ≤ 2 at discharge) than those with depressive episodes. Mean length of stay was 28.95±19.86 days. All QoL domains improved significantly in the whole sample. Conclusion: SMI patients had marked improvements in symptomatic and functional measures during psychiatric hospitalization. Patients with manic episodes had higher chance of remission according to the CGI.

Scorpion incidents, misidentification cases and possible implications for the final interpretation of results

The aim of this contribution is to bring general information on the classification and in particular on the specific identification of scorpion species dangerous to humans. Several generic groups are taken into consideration, but the Neotropical genus Tityus C. L. Koch, 1836 is used as a major example. The content of this paper is mostly addressed to non-specialists whose research embraces scorpions in several fields such as venom toxins and public health. Although efforts have been made in the last 20 years to create better links between true scorpion experts and non-specialists who use scorpions in their research, such exchanges had never led to a consensus among those different branches of biological and medical research. Consequently, many cases of species misidentification and even more serious errors concerning scorpion classification/identification are often present in the specialized literature. In conclusion, it is suggested here that the frequent cases of misidentification observed in several reports may induce mistakes in the final interpretation of results, leading only to more inefficacity in the treatment of problems caused by infamous scorpion species.

Variação do desempenho hospitalar segundo fontes de pagamento nos estados de São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Variation in hospital performance according to payment sources in the states of São Paulo and do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Variación del desempeño hospitalario según fuentes de pago en los estados de São Paulo y de Río Grande do Sul, Brasil

Resumo: No Brasil, a convivência público-privado no financiamento e na prestação do cuidado ganha nítidos contornos na assistência hospitalar. Os arranjos de financiamento adotados pelos hospitais (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS e/ou planos de saúde e/ou pagamento particular) podem afetar a qualidade do cuidado. Alguns estudos buscam associar a razão de mortalidade hospitalar padronizada (RMHP) a melhorias na qualidade. O objetivo foi analisar a RMHP segundo fonte de pagamento da internação e arranjo de financiamento do hospital. Analisaram-se dados secundários e causas responsáveis por 80% dos óbitos hospitalares. A RMHP foi calculada para cada hospital e fonte de pagamento. Hospitais com desempenho pior que o esperado (RMHP > 1) foram majoritariamente públicos de maior porte. A RMHP nas internações SUS foi superior, inclusive entre internações no mesmo hospital. Apesar dos limites, os achados indicam iniquidades no resultado do cuidado. Esforços voltados para a melhoria da qualidade de serviços hospitalares, independentemente das fontes de pagamento, são prementes.

Abstract: In Brazil, the combined presence of public and private interests in financing and provision of healthcare services stands out clearly in hospital care. Financing arrangements adopted by hospitals (the public Brazilian Unified National Health System - SUS and/or health plans and/or out-of-pocket payment) can affect quality of care. Studies have analyzed the hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) in relation to quality improvements. The objective was to analyze HSMR according to source of payment for the hospitalization and the hospital's financing arrangement. The study analyzed secondary data and causes that accounted for 80% of hospital deaths. HSMR was calculated for each hospital and payment source. Hospitals with worse-than-expected performance (HSMR > 1) were mostly large public hospitals. HSMR was higher in the SUS, including between admissions in the hospital. Despite the study's limitations, the findings point to inequalities in results of care. Efforts are needed to improve the quality of hospital services, regardless of the payment sources.

Resumen: En Brasil, la convivencia público-privada en la financiación y en la prestación del cuidado empieza a definirse nítidamente en la asistencia hospitalaria. Los acuerdos de financiación adoptados por los hospitales (Sistema Único de Salud - SUS y/o planes de salud y/o pago particular) pueden afectar a la calidad del cuidado. Algunos estudios buscan asociar la razón de mortalidad hospitalaria padronizada (RMHP) a mejorías en la calidad. El objetivo fue analizar la RMHP según la fuente de pago del internamiento y acuerdos de financiación del hospital. Se analizaron datos secundarios y causas responsables de un 80% de los óbitos hospitalarios. La RMHP se calculó para cada hospital y fuente de pago. Los hospitales con un desempeño peor que el esperado (RMHP > 1) fueron mayoritariamente públicos y con un mayor número de pacientes. La RMHP en los internamientos SUS fue superior, incluyendo internamientos en el mismo hospital. A pesar de los límites, los hallazgos indican inequidades en el resultado del cuidado. Son necesarios esfuerzos dirigidos a la mejoría de la calidad de servicios hospitalarios, independientemente de las fuentes de pago de los mismos.

Advanced units: quality measures in urgency and emergency care / Unidades avançadas: medidas de qualidade no atendimento de urgência e emergência

Objective : To evaluate, through care indicators, the quality of services rendered to patients considered urgency and emergency cases at an advanced emergency care unit. Methods : We analyzed data from managerial reports of 64,891 medical visits performed in the Emergency Care Unit of the Ibirapuera Unit at Care during the period from June 1st, 2012 through May 31st, 2013. The proposed indicators for the assessment of care were rate of death in the emergency care unit; average length of stay of patients in the unit; rate of unplanned return visits; admission rate for patients screened as level 1 according to the Emergency Severity Index; rate of non-finalized medical consultations; rate of complaints; and door-to-electrocardiogram time. Results : The rate of death in the emergency care unit was zero. Five of the 22 patients classified as Emergency Severity Index 1 (22.7%) arrived presenting cardiac arrest. All were treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and reestablishment of vital functions. The average length of stay of patients in the unit was 3 hours, 33 minutes, and 7 seconds. The rate of unscheduled return visits at the emergency care unit of the Ibirapuera unit was 13.64%. Rate of complaints was 2.8/1,000 patients seen during the period Conclusion . : The model of urgency and emergency care in advanced units provides an efficient and efficaious service to patients. Both critically ill patients and those considered less complex can receive proper treatment for their needs. .

Objetivo : Avaliar, por meio de indicadores assistenciais, a qualidade do atendimento prestado aos pacientes considerados de urgência e emergência em uma Unidade Avançada de Pronto Atendimento. Métodos : Foram analisados os dados de relatórios gerenciais das 64.891 consultas (passagens) realizadas na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento da Unidade Ibirapuera do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein no período de 1o de junho de 2012 até 31 de maio de 2013. Os indicadores propostos para a avaliação do atendimento foram: taxa de óbito no pronto atendimento; tempo médio de permanência dos pacientes dentro da unidade; taxa de consulta de retorno não programado; taxa de internação dos pacientes com triagem 1 segundo o Índice de Severidade de Emergência; taxa de atendimento médico não finalizado; taxa de reclamações; e tempo porta-eletrocardiograma. Resultados A taxa de óbito no pronto atendimento foi zero. Cinco dos 22 pacientes triados como 1 segundo o Índice de Severidade de Emergência (22,7%) chegaram em situação de parada cardiorrespiratória. Todos foram submetidos ao tratamento de reanimação cardiopulmonar com o reestabelecimento de suas funções vitais. O tempo médio de permanência dos pacientes dentro da unidade foi de 3 horas, 33 minutos e 7 segundos. A taxa de retornos em consulta médica não programados no Pronto Atendimento da Unidade Ibirapuera foi de 13,64%. Foi observada taxa de reclamações de 2,8/1.000 atendimentos realizados (183 reclamações) no período analisado. Conclusão O modelo de atendimento de urgência e emergência de unidades avançadas ...